BJJ Graph

Brabo Choke Variations | BJJ Submissions | BJJ Graph

Oct 25, 202513 min read

⚠️ SAFETY NOTICE

This submission can cause LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS if applied improperly.

  • Injury Risks: Loss of consciousness (5-10 seconds), neck strain, shoulder stress during setup
  • Application Speed: SLOW and progressive. Never explosive in training.
  • Tap Signals: Verbal “tap”, physical tap with free hand or feet
  • Release Protocol: Release choking arm immediately, unwrap from neck, allow blood flow restoration
  • Training Requirement: Intermediate level under supervision
  • Never: Apply at competition speed during drilling

Remember: Your training partner trusts you with their safety. Respect the tap immediately.

Overview

Brabo Choke variations encompass the different entry methods, grip options, and finishing angles for the Brabo (D’arce) choke family. These variations allow the submission to be applied from multiple positions including front headlock, turtle, side control transitions, and scrambles. The core principle remains consistent - trapping opponent’s arm against their neck while using your arm to apply choking pressure.

Understanding these variations significantly expands offensive opportunities and allows adaptation to different defensive reactions. Each variation shares similar biomechanics but differs in setup requirements and optimal finishing positions.

Submission Properties

Success Rates:

  • Beginner: 25%
  • Intermediate: 40%
  • Advanced: 60%

Technical Characteristics:

  • Setup Complexity: Medium - requires proper positioning and timing
  • Execution Speed: Medium - 3-5 seconds from setup to tap
  • Escape Difficulty: High - very limited escape options once locked
  • Damage Potential: Medium - can cause unconsciousness
  • Target Area: Carotid arteries (bilateral compression)

Visual Finishing Sequence

With your arm threaded under opponent’s neck and gripping your own bicep, you apply downward pressure while squeezing. Your chest and shoulder create additional pressure on opponent’s trapped arm, which presses into their carotid artery. The opponent experiences increasing pressure on both sides of their neck, blood flow reducing rapidly. Recognizing the submission is locked, they tap on your arm or body. You immediately release the choking pressure and unwrap your arm.

Body Positioning:

  • Your position: Side or angled, arm deep under neck, chest pressure on back, squeezing with shoulder
  • Opponent’s position: Head down, near arm trapped against own neck, far side exposed
  • Key pressure points: Carotid arteries compressed by trapped arm and your shoulder
  • Leverage creation: Squeezing motion combined with chest weight and arm position

Setup Requirements

Conditions that must be satisfied before attempting:

  1. Position Establishment: Front headlock, side control, or turtle top position established
  2. Control Points: Opponent’s near arm trapped, head controlled, posture broken
  3. Angle Creation: Proper angle to thread arm under neck without obstruction
  4. Grip Acquisition: Hand reaches through to grip own bicep or opposite shoulder
  5. Space Elimination: Chest pressure prevents defensive posturing
  6. Timing Recognition: Opponent vulnerable with head down and arm extended
  7. Safety Verification: Partner able to tap with free hand or verbally

Position Quality Required: Dominant position with opponent’s movement restricted

Execution Steps

SAFETY REMINDER: Apply pressure SLOWLY. Watch for tap signals continuously.

Step-by-Step Execution

  1. Initial Setup (Preparation Phase)

    • Control opponent’s head and near arm
    • Position for arm to thread under neck
    • Safety check: Ensure partner can tap clearly

  2. Arm Threading (Entry Phase)

    • Thread arm under opponent’s neck from near side
    • Bring arm across to opposite side
    • Partner check: Verify arm position doesn’t obstruct tapping

  3. Grip Establishment (Lock Phase)

    • Grip own bicep or shoulder with threaded arm
    • Free hand controls opponent’s trapped arm position
    • Speed: Smooth and controlled positioning

  4. Position Adjustment (Alignment Phase)

    • Adjust body angle for optimal pressure
    • Ensure chest weight assists choking pressure
    • Monitor: Partner’s ability to tap and breathe

  5. Progressive Tightening (Execution Phase)

    • Squeeze arm closing the choke incrementally over 3-5 seconds
    • Apply chest pressure gradually
    • Watch for: Partner’s color, consciousness, tap signals

  6. Submission Recognition & Release (Finish/Safety Phase)

    • Feel/hear tap signal
    • RELEASE IMMEDIATELY: Stop squeezing, remove pressure
    • Unwrap arm from neck smoothly
    • Post-submission: Check partner safety

Total Execution Time in Training: Minimum 3-5 seconds from lock to tap

Anatomical Targeting & Injury Awareness

Primary Target

  • Anatomical Structure: Bilateral carotid arteries
  • Pressure Direction: Inward compression using opponent’s arm and your shoulder
  • Physiological Response: Reduced blood flow → lightheadedness → loss of consciousness

Secondary Effects

  • Windpipe Compression: Potential if angle is incorrect
  • Shoulder Stress: Pressure on trapped shoulder
  • Neck Strain: Cervical muscles under tension

INJURY RISKS & PREVENTION

Potential Injuries:

  • Loss of Consciousness: 5-10 seconds after full pressure if held past tap
  • Neck Strain: Improper angle or excessive pulling (days to weeks recovery)
  • Shoulder Injury: Trapped shoulder under extreme pressure (possible muscle strain)

Prevention Measures:

  • Apply pressure SLOWLY and progressively
  • Never spike or jerk the choke
  • Watch partner’s face/body continuously
  • Stop at ANY sign of distress
  • Release immediately upon tap
  • Ensure proper arm threading technique

Warning Signs to Stop:

  • Partner unable to tap (verify free limbs)
  • Partner’s color changes
  • Body goes limp
  • ANY uncertainty about safety

Opponent Defense Patterns

Common Escape Attempts

Early Defense (Submission <70% complete)

  • Posture Up → Neutral Position (Success Rate: 50%, Window: 2-3 seconds)
  • Defender action: Restore posture before arm threads completely
  • Safety note: Best defensive window

Hand Fighting (Arm threading, not locked)

  • Arm Extraction → Guard Recovery (Success Rate: 35%, Window: 1-2 seconds)
  • Defender action: Remove trapped arm before grip secured
  • Safety note: Window closing rapidly

Technical Escape (Choke locked but loose)

  • Roll to Back → Back Control Bottom (Success Rate: 20%, Window: <1 second)
  • Defender action: Roll through the choke
  • Safety critical: High risk, tap if fails

Inevitable Submission (Choke tight, properly positioned)

  • Tap Out → Terminal State (Success Rate: 0% escape)
  • Defender must: TAP IMMEDIATELY
  • Attacker must: RELEASE IMMEDIATELY
  • Safety principle: NO SHAME IN TAPPING

Defensive Decision Logic

If [arm not yet threaded]:
- Execute [[Posture Up]] (Success Rate: 50%)
- Window: 2-3 seconds before setup complete

Else if [arm threaded] but [grip not secured]:
- Execute [[Arm Extraction]] (Success Rate: 35%)
- Window: 1-2 seconds before lock

Else if [choke locked]:
- Execute [[Tap Out]] (Immediate)
- CRITICAL: Tap to prevent unconsciousness

Training Progressions & Safety Protocols

Phase 1: Technical Understanding (Week 1-2)

  • Study mechanics without partner
  • Watch instructional content
  • Understand injury risks
  • Learn tap signals and release
  • No live application

Phase 2: Slow Practice (Week 3-4)

  • Controlled application with willing partner
  • Partner provides ZERO resistance
  • Focus: Arm threading and positioning only
  • Speed: EXTRA SLOW (10+ seconds per rep)
  • Partner taps at 30% pressure
  • Practice release every repetition

Phase 3: Progressive Resistance (Week 5-8)

  • Partner provides mild resistance
  • Practice recognizing defensive cues
  • Speed: SLOW (5-7 seconds per rep)
  • Partner taps at 50% pressure
  • Develop sensitivity to lock quality

Phase 4: Timing Development (Week 9-12)

  • Partner provides realistic resistance
  • Recognize optimal opportunities
  • Speed: MODERATE (3-5 seconds per rep)
  • Partner taps at 70% pressure
  • Learn to transition to alternatives

Phase 5: Safety Integration (Week 13+)

  • Light rolling integration
  • Proper tap recognition ingrained
  • Speed: Controlled in training
  • Competition speed ONLY in competition
  • Respect partner safety absolutely

Phase 6: Live Application (Ongoing)

  • Full sparring integration
  • Read situations for opportunities
  • Apply at appropriate speed for context
  • Never sacrifice partner safety
  • Continue refining control

CRITICAL: Progress only when previous phase is mastered

Expert Insights

John Danaher Perspective

“The Brabo variations represent systematic adaptations to opponent positioning and defensive reactions. Each variation maintains the core principle of using the opponent’s own arm as a wedge against their carotid. The key is recognizing which variation is most accessible based on the current configuration. In training, focus on smooth transitions between variations rather than forcing any single option.”

Key Technical Detail: Arm positioning determines which variation is most efficient Safety Emphasis: Systematic approach emphasizes control over explosive application

Gordon Ryan Perspective

“I use Brabo variations extensively in competition because they’re available from so many positions. The ability to switch between setup angles based on opponent defense makes this family of submissions extremely high-percentage. In training, I drill each variation independently, then practice the decision tree of which to apply when. The finish is always slow and controlled until competition.”

Competition Application: Versatility makes variations effective against diverse defensive strategies Training Modification: Practice smooth transitions between variations for flow

Eddie Bravo Perspective

“The Brabo variations fit perfectly into the 10th Planet system because they’re available from scrambles and transitions. I teach students to recognize the arm configuration first, then select the variation that requires least adjustment. Be creative with entries but systematic with the finish. Partner safety is non-negotiable - these chokes work fast when done right.”

Innovation Focus: Entry creativity from unconventional positions Safety Non-Negotiable: Fast-acting chokes require extra respect for tap

Common Errors

Technical Errors

Error 1: Arm not deep enough under neck

  • Mistake: Shallow arm position reduces choking pressure
  • Why it fails: Cannot compress carotids effectively
  • Correction: Thread arm deeply, bringing elbow to opposite side
  • Safety impact: Prevents forcing with excessive pressure

Error 2: Incorrect grip on own arm

  • Mistake: Gripping too far from bicep or wrong angle
  • Why it fails: Cannot generate sufficient squeezing pressure
  • Correction: Grip own bicep or high on shoulder for leverage
  • Safety impact: Proper grip allows controlled pressure application

Error 3: Poor body positioning

  • Mistake: Not using chest weight to assist choke
  • Why it fails: Relies only on arm strength
  • Correction: Position chest over opponent’s back for additional pressure
  • Safety impact: Better positioning reduces need for excessive force

SAFETY ERRORS (CRITICAL)

DANGER: Explosive Application

  • Mistake: Locking and squeezing immediately
  • Why dangerous: No time for partner to tap
  • Injury risk: LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS
  • Correction: Progressive pressure over 3-5 seconds
  • This can cause unconsciousness before tap

DANGER: Ignoring Tap Signals

  • Mistake: Continuing after tap
  • Why dangerous: Blood choke causes rapid unconsciousness
  • Injury risk: Unnecessary unconsciousness, breach of trust
  • Correction: RELEASE IMMEDIATELY upon any tap
  • Most serious error in BJJ

DANGER: Improper Arm Threading

  • Mistake: Forcing arm through when obstructed
  • Why dangerous: Can injure opponent’s shoulder or neck
  • Injury risk: Shoulder strain, neck stress
  • Correction: Adjust position before threading, never force
  • Can cause shoulder injuries

DANGER: Not Monitoring Partner

  • Mistake: Not watching partner’s face/body
  • Why dangerous: Miss signs of consciousness loss
  • Injury risk: Extended pressure without awareness
  • Correction: Continuous visual monitoring during application
  • Your responsibility to monitor safety

Variations & Setups

Variation 1: Traditional Brabo from Front Headlock

From Front Headlock:

  • Thread arm under near side of neck
  • Grip own bicep
  • Finish with shoulder pressure
  • Success rate: Beginner 25%, Intermediate 40%, Advanced 60%
  • Setup time: 3-4 seconds
  • Safety notes: Most common entry, ensure deep threading

Variation 2: Inverted Brabo from Turtle

From Turtle Position Top:

  • Opponent in turtle position
  • Thread arm under far side of neck (inverted)
  • Grip own bicep on near side
  • Roll to side for finish
  • Success rate: Beginner 20%, Intermediate 35%, Advanced 55%
  • Setup time: 4-5 seconds
  • Safety notes: Rolling motion requires control

Variation 3: Standing Brabo

From Standing Position:

  • Front headlock while standing
  • Thread arm under neck
  • Maintain standing or drop to knees
  • Finish with forward pressure
  • Success rate: Beginner 15%, Intermediate 30%, Advanced 50%
  • Setup time: 2-3 seconds
  • Safety notes: Control opponent’s fall

Variation 4: Brabo from Side Control Transition

From Side Control:

  • Opponent attempts to escape
  • Intercept with arm thread as they turn
  • Establish grip quickly
  • Finish in modified side control
  • Success rate: Beginner 20%, Intermediate 35%, Advanced 55%
  • Setup time: 2-3 seconds (opportunistic)
  • Safety notes: Fast transition requires control awareness

No-Gi vs Gi Modifications

Gi Version:

  • Grips: Can use gi material for added leverage
  • Advantages: More friction, easier to maintain position
  • Safety: Be careful not to rely solely on gi grip

No-Gi Version:

  • Grips: Direct arm-to-arm grip more critical
  • Modifications: Tighter body positioning required
  • Safety: Slippage requires constant adjustment

Mechanical Principles

Leverage Systems

  • Fulcrum: Opponent’s trapped arm against their neck
  • Effort Arm: Your shoulder and arm squeezing
  • Resistance Arm: Opponent’s neck structure
  • Mechanical Advantage: Arm strength + body weight vs. neck
  • Efficiency: Proper angle multiplies available force

Pressure Distribution

  • Primary Pressure Point: Bilateral carotid arteries
  • Force Vector: Inward and upward compression
  • Pressure Type: Blood choke with potential air restriction
  • Progressive Loading: Gradual pressure increase over 3-5 seconds
  • Threshold: ~20 lbs pressure causes significant blood flow restriction

Timing Elements

  • Setup Window: 2-4 seconds for arm threading and grip
  • Application Phase: 3-5 seconds from lock to tap
  • Escape Windows: Rapidly decreasing once arm is threaded
  • Point of No Return: When grip is secured and pressure begins
  • Tap Recognition: Immediate release required

Knowledge Assessment

Question 1: Setup Recognition

Q: What arm position must be established before attempting Brabo variations?

A: Arm must be threaded deeply under opponent’s neck with hand reaching across to grip own bicep or shoulder. Opponent’s near arm should be trapped against their own neck, and proper angle must be established for effective compression.

Why It Matters: Proper setup is essential for both effectiveness and safety

Question 2: Technical Execution

Q: What creates the choking pressure in Brabo variations?

A: The combination of the squeezed arm closing around the neck, opponent’s trapped arm pressing into their carotid, and chest weight adding downward pressure. The trapped arm acts as a wedge against opponent’s own carotid arteries.

Why It Matters: Understanding mechanics allows controlled application

Question 3: Safety Understanding (CRITICAL)

Q: How fast should pressure be applied and what are proper tap signals?

A: 3-5 seconds minimum in training with progressive pressure increase. Tap signals include verbal “tap”, physical tap with free hand or feet, or any sign of distress. Release immediately upon any tap signal by stopping squeeze and unwrapping arm from neck.

Why It Matters: Prevents injuries and maintains safe training environment

Question 4: Defense Awareness

Q: What is the best defense and when must it be executed?

A: Early defense is posture restoration before arm threads completely (50% success). Once arm is threaded but grip not secured, arm extraction is possible (35% success). Once choke is locked, tapping is the only safe option - attempting escape risks unconsciousness.

Why It Matters: Knowing when to tap prevents injury

Question 5: Anatomical Knowledge

Q: What structure is targeted and what injury can occur?

A: Bilateral carotid arteries are compressed causing reduced blood flow to brain. If held past tap, unconsciousness occurs in 5-10 seconds. Continued pressure can cause brain damage. Secondary risks include neck strain and shoulder stress on trapped arm.

Why It Matters: Understanding injury potential creates appropriate respect

Question 6: Release Protocol (CRITICAL)

Q: What is immediate action when partner taps?

A: Stop all squeezing pressure immediately, unwrap arm from neck smoothly, allow blood flow to restore, check partner’s consciousness and safety. Release should be complete within 2-3 seconds of tap signal.

Why It Matters: Proper release prevents injury during disengagement

Mechanical Principles

Progressive Loading (Safety Critical)

  • Initial Contact (0-20%): Lock secured, light contact
  • Early Phase (20-40%): Begin pressure, partner feels it
  • Middle Phase (40-70%): Significant pressure, decision point
  • Completion Phase (70-100%): Full pressure, tap should occur
  • Training Protocol: Stop at 70% in drilling
  • Competition Protocol: Continue to tap or completion

Remember: The best submission is the one your partner taps to safely, learns from, and wants to train with you again tomorrow.

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